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Progressive nonfluent aphasia(PNFA) is one of three clinical syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. PNFA has an insidious onset of language deficits over time as opposed to other stoke based aphasias, which occur acutely (following trauma to the brain). The specific degeneration, in PNFA, of the frontal and temporal lobes create hallmark language deficits differentiating this disorder from other Alzheimer type disorders by the initial absence of other cognitive and memory deficits. This disorder commonly has a primary affect on the left hemisphere, causing the symptomatic display of expressive (production difficulties) language deficits and sometimes may disrupt receptive abilities in comprehending grammatically complex language. ==Clinical features== The main clinical features are signature language progressive difficulties with speech production. There can be problems in different parts of the speech production system, hence patients can present with articulatory breakdown, phonemic breakdown (difficulties with sounds) and other problems. However, it is rare for patients to have just one of these problems and most people will present with more than one problem. Features include: * Hesitant, effortful speech * Speech 'apraxia' * Stutter (including return of a childhood stutter) * Anomia * Phonemic paraphasia (sound errors in speech e.g. 'gat' for 'cat') * Agrammatism (using the wrong tense or word order) As the disease develops, speech quantity decreases and many patients will become mute. Cognitive domains other than language are rarely affected early on. However, as the disease progresses other domains can be affected. Problems with writing, reading and speech comprehension can occur as can behavioural features similar to frontotemporal dementia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「progressive nonfluent aphasia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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